Unit 8 Have you read Treasure Island yet Section A-2 課件.ppt

1、Unit 8Have you read Treasure Island yet?,Section A Grammar Focus,現在完成時(shí)態(tài)present perfect,Grammar Focus,現在完成時(shí)： 表示過(guò)去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的某一動(dòng)作對現在造成的影響或結果，或從過(guò)去開(kāi)始一直延續到現在的動(dòng)作或保存的狀態(tài)。,結構： 主語(yǔ)+ have / has + 動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞,一般疑問(wèn)句： have / has ? Yes, I have. No, I havent. Yes, she has. No, she hasnt.,1. 現在完成時(shí)動(dòng)詞構成have /has + v 過(guò)去分詞,助動(dòng)詞,

2、否定,haventhasnt,疑問(wèn),Have you?Has he?,常與下列時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用：just , already, yet,ever, never, before, several times,現在完成時(shí),1.過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作對現在造成的影響或結果。和already，never,ever,just,before,yet等狀語(yǔ)連用。,2.過(guò)去已經(jīng)開(kāi)始，持續到現在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，常與for或since引起的一段時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。,動(dòng)詞構成：have/has+v過(guò)去分詞,have breakfast,I have just had my breakfast.,(現在我不餓),Im not hungr

3、y now,moved herein 2004,I still live here,I have lived here for three years.,I have lived here since 2004/three years ago.,now,past,2. 現在完成時(shí)動(dòng)詞可以表示開(kāi)始于過(guò)去持續 到現在(也許還會(huì )繼續進(jìn)行下去)的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。1) I have studied English since last year. 我從去年開(kāi)始學(xué)習英語(yǔ)。2) She has lived in Beijing for five years. 她住在北京已經(jīng)五年了。注意: come, go ,

4、leave, arrive, buy, lose, receive, join, die, bury 和marry 等動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作是一時(shí)的, 不能延續的, 故不能與for , since 等開(kāi)頭的表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用。不過(guò), 這些詞用于否定句則可以與表示持續的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用，即動(dòng)作的不發(fā)生是可以持續的。,不能說(shuō): *He has come to Beijing for two years. *He has bought that book for three weeks. *He has joined the Army for one and a half years.*His grand

5、ma has died for nine months.* I have received his letter for a month.可以說(shuō):He has been in Beijing for two years. He has had that book for three weeks. He has been in the army for one and a half years. His grandma has been dead for nine months.I havent received his letter for almost a month.0,或者說(shuō)：It is

6、 two years since he came to Beijing. It is three weeks since he bought that book.It is one and a half years since he joined the Army. It is nine months since his grandma died.,3. 現在完成時(shí)把過(guò)去的動(dòng)作和現在的結果聯(lián)系起來(lái)， 一般過(guò)去時(shí)只限于表示過(guò)去的動(dòng)作本身, 與現在 的結果無(wú)關(guān)?，F在完成時(shí)與一般過(guò)去時(shí)在意義上 的區別舉例如下： I have cleaned my room. (My room is clean no

7、w.) 我已經(jīng)打掃過(guò)我的房間了。 I cleaned my room last week. (I did it in the past.) 我上周打掃了我的房間。 Father has gone to Amoy. (He went to Amoy and he is not here now.) 爸爸已經(jīng)去廈門(mén)了。 They have bought a dictionary. (They bought a dictionary and they have it now.) 他們買(mǎi)了一本字典。,注意: 現在完成時(shí)不能和明確指出時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)(如: yesterday, last, year, in

8、1976, two days ago, just now, when she came in 等)連用，但可以和不明確指出時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)(如: already, yet, ever, never, sometimes, always, often, before, once, twice, recently, lately等)連用；也可以和表示包括現在在內的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)(如：today, this morning, this week, this year等)連用。,( 1).for+表示一段時(shí)間的短語(yǔ) ( 2).since+表示過(guò)去時(shí)間點(diǎn)的詞語(yǔ) ( 3).since+表示過(guò)去時(shí)間的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句,eg

9、.I have been a teacher _ a year. He has been at this school _ 1992. We have learned 1,000 English words _ we came to this school.,for,since,since,現在完成時(shí)句中常見(jiàn)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)A.表示從過(guò)去一直持續到現在, 不能是具體 的過(guò)去時(shí)間。,ever,just,already,yet,e.g. Have you _been to Japan? I have _ finished my homework. I have finished my homework

10、_. I havent finished my homework _.,B. just, already, yet, before/ ever, never有此類(lèi)副詞時(shí),常強調動(dòng)作完成,不強調動(dòng)作的持續.,already “已經(jīng)” ; yet “仍然, 還” 這兩個(gè)副詞常常用于完成時(shí)態(tài), 其中already 常用于肯定句, yet常用于否定句和疑問(wèn)句中。如: Jim has already finished his work. Jim已經(jīng)把他的工作做完了。Mother hasnt come home yet. 媽媽還沒(méi)回來(lái)。Havent you read The Call of the Wil

11、d yet? 你還沒(méi)讀過(guò)野性的呼喚嗎？,She has already finished her work. 她已經(jīng)把工作做完了。I havent read the story yet. 我還沒(méi)讀過(guò)這個(gè)故事。Have you met him before? 你從前曾見(jiàn)過(guò)他嗎？Lily has always been a good student. Lily一直是個(gè)好學(xué)生。比較：I have seen him this morning .我上午看見(jiàn)他了。(說(shuō)話(huà)時(shí)在上午)I saw him this morning.今天上午我遇見(jiàn)了他。(說(shuō)話(huà)時(shí)可能是下午或者晚上)It has been cold

12、this winter. 今天冬天一直很冷。(說(shuō)話(huà)時(shí)仍是冬天),4. 現在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)和現在完成時(shí)都可以表示“從過(guò)去開(kāi)始一直持續到現在”這一概念, 有時(shí)兩者可以互相代用, 但前者多用于口語(yǔ)。在含義上如著(zhù)重表示動(dòng)作的結果時(shí), 多用現在完成時(shí); 如著(zhù)重表示動(dòng)作一直在進(jìn)行, 即動(dòng)作的延續性時(shí), 則多用現在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。一般不能用于進(jìn)行時(shí)的動(dòng)詞也不能用于現在完成時(shí)行時(shí)。,現在完成時(shí)：表示過(guò)去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的某一動(dòng)作對現在造成的影響或結果，或從過(guò)去開(kāi)始一直延續到現在的動(dòng)作或保存的狀態(tài)，強調的是現在的情況，不能和表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用（如：in 1990，last Sunday 等）。,一般過(guò)去時(shí)：一般過(guò)去時(shí)

13、只表示過(guò)去的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，和現在不發(fā)生關(guān)系（即動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)在現在已經(jīng)結束），它可以和表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。,現在完成時(shí)與一般過(guò)去時(shí)的區別：,have / has + V過(guò)去分詞,I have waited for him for many times. 我等他等了好幾次了。I have been waiting for him for an hour. 我等他等了一小時(shí)。He has drunk six cups of coffee. 他喝了六杯咖啡。He has been drinking coffee. 他一直在喝咖啡。,改寫(xiě)句子,1.My father came back from the

14、 bookshop just now. My father _ just _ _ the book shop.2.He began to learn Chinese in 2001. He _ _ Chinese since 2001.3.The film began two minutes ago. The film _ _ _ since two minutes ago.4.He has had the motorbike for two years. Its two years _he _ the motorbike. He _ the motorbike two years _. Tw

15、o years _ _ since he _ the motor bike.,has,returned,from,has,learned,has been on,since,bought,bought,ago,has passed,bought,1. A: Would you like something to drink? B: No, thanks. _ (just/drink some tea)2. A: I heard you lost your key. _? (find) B: No, not yet.3. A: Do you know when Tom is leaving? B

16、:_ . (already/leave),4a. Use the words in brackets to complete the conversations.,Ive just drunk some tea,Have you found it,He has already left,A: When _ ? (leave) B: This morning.4. A: Is your sister going to the movies with us tonight? B: No. _ . (already/see the film)5. A: What do your parents th

17、ink about our plan?B: I _. (not/tell them/yet),did he leave,She has already seen the film,have not told them yet,Sally_ (love) reading. In the morning, she reads the newspaper and in the evening she reads books. She _ already _ (read) more than 100 different books! Her favorite kind of books is scie

18、nce fiction. She is interested in science and technology and loves to imagine,4b. Fill in the blanks with the correct forms of the words in brackets.,loves,has read,what the world_ (be) like in 50 years. She _ (finish) reading a book about robots last week and _(write) a book report about it next we

19、ek for her French class. Every time she is in the library, Sally looks at the many books she_ (not read) yet and she cant wait to read them!,will be,finished,will write,has not read,4c. Complete the chart with information about you and a friend.,A: What books have you already read?B: Ive already rea

20、d Tom Sawyer and Harry Potter.A: What do you think of them?B: Well, I think Harry Potter was exciting, but Tom Sawyer was a bit boring.,Pair Work,1. I _heard of that story before.A. dont have B. not have C. have not D. not to have2. She s never been to that factory,_?A. is she B. was she C. does she D. has she3. Have you made dumplings_? No